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Educational Choices in Ethiopia: What Determines Whether Poor Children go to School?

Ethiopia has one of the lowest primary school enrolment rates and one of the highest illiteracy rates in the world. In 2002 Ethiopia’s adult literacy rate was 41.5 per cent and its gross primary enrolment rate was 66 per cent, significantly worse than the average for low income countries of 63.9 per cent and 98.6 per cent respectively. Government efforts have focused on expanding access to primary education, particularly in rural areas, but as a consequence, insufficient resources have been allocated to improving the quality of education.

Educational Choices in Ethiopia: What Determines Whether Poor Children go to School?

Ethiopia has one of the lowest primary school enrolment rates and one of the highest illiteracy rates in the world. In 2002 Ethiopia’s adult literacy rate was 41.5 per cent and its gross primary enrolment rate was 66 per cent, significantly worse than the average for low income countries of 63.9 per cent and 98.6 per cent respectively. Government efforts have focused on expanding access to primary education, particularly in rural areas, but as a consequence, insufficient resources have been allocated to improving the quality of education.

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Risk Factors for Injuries in Young Children in Four Developing Countries

Objective: To assess the occurrence of child injury in four developing country settings and to explore potential risk factors for injury.

Methods: Injury occurrence was studied in cohorts of 2000 children of age 6-17 months at enrolment, in each of Ethiopia, Peru, Vietnam and India (Andhra Pradesh). Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore potential risk factors for child injury.

Risk Factors for Injuries in Young Children in Four Developing Countries

Objective: To assess the occurrence of child injury in four developing country settings and to explore potential risk factors for injury.

Methods: Injury occurrence was studied in cohorts of 2000 children of age 6-17 months at enrolment, in each of Ethiopia, Peru, Vietnam and India (Andhra Pradesh). Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore potential risk factors for child injury.

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Maternal Social Capital and Child Health in Vietnam

Study objective: To explore the association between maternal social capital and child physical and mental health in Vietnam.

Design: Cross sectional survey. Measures of maternal structural social capital comprised group membership, citizenship, and social support. Measures of cognitive social capital comprised trust, social harmony, sense of fairness, and belonging. Child health was measured by anthropometrics and mothers’ reports of acute and chronic physical health problems and child mental health.

Maternal Social Capital and Child Health in Vietnam

Study objective: To explore the association between maternal social capital and child physical and mental health in Vietnam.

Design: Cross sectional survey. Measures of maternal structural social capital comprised group membership, citizenship, and social support. Measures of cognitive social capital comprised trust, social harmony, sense of fairness, and belonging. Child health was measured by anthropometrics and mothers’ reports of acute and chronic physical health problems and child mental health.

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Livelihood Diversification in Rural Andhra Pradesh

REMOVED FROM WEBSITE BECAUSE PAPER GIVES SITE NAMES (CK: 28 April 2014)

 

Livelihood Diversification in Rural Andhra Pradesh

REMOVED FROM WEBSITE BECAUSE PAPER GIVES SITE NAMES (CK: 28 April 2014)

 

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Exploring Linkages Between Maternal Social Capital and Children’s Nutritional Status in Andhra Pradesh

Abstract: Social capital refers to the institutions, relationships and norms that shape the quality and quantity of social interactions within a community. In the case of public health, practitioners have argued that greater attention to the social dimensions of health would improve understanding of the complexities of health issues and help provide better services for marginalised groups.

Exploring Linkages Between Maternal Social Capital and Children’s Nutritional Status in Andhra Pradesh

Abstract: Social capital refers to the institutions, relationships and norms that shape the quality and quantity of social interactions within a community. In the case of public health, practitioners have argued that greater attention to the social dimensions of health would improve understanding of the complexities of health issues and help provide better services for marginalised groups.

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Childhood Poverty, Basic Services and Cumulative Disadvantage

Much of the work done by governments and donors to help children living in poverty either focuses only on health and education or considers children as a 'special interest group'. A holistic approach to children's well-being, however, requires multi-sectoral and inter-generational strategies to address childhood poverty. Understanding the cumulative nature of disadvantage and the benefits of multi-sectoral approaches is crucial for any strategy aiming to combat poverty.

Childhood Poverty, Basic Services and Cumulative Disadvantage

Much of the work done by governments and donors to help children living in poverty either focuses only on health and education or considers children as a 'special interest group'. A holistic approach to children's well-being, however, requires multi-sectoral and inter-generational strategies to address childhood poverty. Understanding the cumulative nature of disadvantage and the benefits of multi-sectoral approaches is crucial for any strategy aiming to combat poverty.

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Maternal Social Capital and Child Well-Being in Comparative Perspective

Social capital is defined as the norms, networks and associations that facilitate cooperative action. It can be divided into a behavioural or activity component of what people do – how they participate in groups – and a cognitive or perceptual component of what people think – whether they trust other people. While a growing body of literature focuses on social capital in developing and developed countries, the term has been criticised both conceptually and in terms of its policy relevance.

Maternal Social Capital and Child Well-Being in Comparative Perspective

Social capital is defined as the norms, networks and associations that facilitate cooperative action. It can be divided into a behavioural or activity component of what people do – how they participate in groups – and a cognitive or perceptual component of what people think – whether they trust other people. While a growing body of literature focuses on social capital in developing and developed countries, the term has been criticised both conceptually and in terms of its policy relevance.

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Psychometric and Cognitive Validation of a Social Capital Measurement Tool in Peru and Vietnam

Social capital is a relatively new concept which has attracted significant attention in recent years. No consensus has yet been reached on how to measure social capital, resulting in a large number of different tools available. While psychometric validation methods such as factor analysis have been used by a few studies to assess the internal validity of some tools, these techniques rely on data already collected by the tool and are therefore not capable of eliciting what the questions are actually measuring.

Psychometric and Cognitive Validation of a Social Capital Measurement Tool in Peru and Vietnam

Social capital is a relatively new concept which has attracted significant attention in recent years. No consensus has yet been reached on how to measure social capital, resulting in a large number of different tools available. While psychometric validation methods such as factor analysis have been used by a few studies to assess the internal validity of some tools, these techniques rely on data already collected by the tool and are therefore not capable of eliciting what the questions are actually measuring.

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Maternal Social Capital and Child Health in Vietnam

Abstract: In Vietnam there is growing concern about the potential social impact of rapid economic change. The extent and type of social connectedness within communities, or social capital, may be changing. Studies from other developing countries have demonstrated that social capital is often independently associated with various indicators of well-being, including such aspects of human capital as health and education.

Maternal Social Capital and Child Health in Vietnam

Abstract: In Vietnam there is growing concern about the potential social impact of rapid economic change. The extent and type of social connectedness within communities, or social capital, may be changing. Studies from other developing countries have demonstrated that social capital is often independently associated with various indicators of well-being, including such aspects of human capital as health and education.

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Extra Classes and Learning Outcomes of Eight-Year-Old Children in Vietnam

Although primary school enrolment in Vietnam is high (91 per cent), most primary school students receive little more than half the annual teaching time defined by international norms. The Vietnamese school year is short by international standards, covering only 33 weeks. In addition, only around 20 per cent of children in Vietnam receive a full-day of schooling (5 or 6 hours according to international standards).

Extra Classes and Learning Outcomes of Eight-Year-Old Children in Vietnam

Although primary school enrolment in Vietnam is high (91 per cent), most primary school students receive little more than half the annual teaching time defined by international norms. The Vietnamese school year is short by international standards, covering only 33 weeks. In addition, only around 20 per cent of children in Vietnam receive a full-day of schooling (5 or 6 hours according to international standards).

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