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Research, Policy Engagement and Practice: Reflections on Efforts to Mainstream Children into Ethiopia’s Second National Poverty Reduction Strategy

This paper examines efforts to bridge multi-disciplinary research, policy engagement and practice to improve the lives of children living in poverty in a sample of developing countries. The paper is based on the experiences of Young Lives and draws on insights from Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. It pays particular attention to the work of the Young Lives team in Ethiopia to make children's issues central to the Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper process.

Research, Policy Engagement and Practice: Reflections on Efforts to Mainstream Children into Ethiopia’s Second National Poverty Reduction Strategy

This paper examines efforts to bridge multi-disciplinary research, policy engagement and practice to improve the lives of children living in poverty in a sample of developing countries. The paper is based on the experiences of Young Lives and draws on insights from Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. It pays particular attention to the work of the Young Lives team in Ethiopia to make children's issues central to the Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper process.

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Tackling Child Malnutrition in Ethiopia

This paper emphasises that malnutrition cannot be tackled without understanding its causes. Child malnutrition remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia, yet the government has no specific nutrition policy. Levels of wasting (acute malnutrition) and stunting (chronic malnutrition) in children aged 6 to 59 months are among the world's highest. As long as so many children remain malnourished, Ethiopia will not achieve the first Millennium Development Goal – eradication of extreme poverty and hunger.

Tackling Child Malnutrition in Ethiopia

This paper emphasises that malnutrition cannot be tackled without understanding its causes. Child malnutrition remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia, yet the government has no specific nutrition policy. Levels of wasting (acute malnutrition) and stunting (chronic malnutrition) in children aged 6 to 59 months are among the world's highest. As long as so many children remain malnourished, Ethiopia will not achieve the first Millennium Development Goal – eradication of extreme poverty and hunger.

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Teaching resource pack: Young Lives, Global Goals
Teaching resource pack: Young Lives, Global Goals

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Does Having a New-born Child Affect Income Diversification Opportunities?

The ability of households to diversify their income sources is strongly related to their capacity to cope in times of pressure, such as during economic crises. This is particularly so among the poor, who often do not have adequate resources on which to draw when under such pressures. Households with a newborn child face two additional constraints: the income-generating capability of mothers can be moderately or severely reduced; and households may have to spend more because of the new-born child.

Does Having a New-born Child Affect Income Diversification Opportunities?

The ability of households to diversify their income sources is strongly related to their capacity to cope in times of pressure, such as during economic crises. This is particularly so among the poor, who often do not have adequate resources on which to draw when under such pressures. Households with a newborn child face two additional constraints: the income-generating capability of mothers can be moderately or severely reduced; and households may have to spend more because of the new-born child.

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Child Labour, Gender Inequality and Rural/Urban Disparities

National poverty strategies frequently overlook important elements of children's experiences of poverty, including trafficking, sexual exploitation and access to information about how to avoid HIV/AIDS. Non-immediate impacts of broader economic development policies on children's well-being often remain largely invisible. This paper primarily investigates factors relating to child labour and child schooling in order to understand the possible impact of policies on households and children.

Child Labour, Gender Inequality and Rural/Urban Disparities

National poverty strategies frequently overlook important elements of children's experiences of poverty, including trafficking, sexual exploitation and access to information about how to avoid HIV/AIDS. Non-immediate impacts of broader economic development policies on children's well-being often remain largely invisible. This paper primarily investigates factors relating to child labour and child schooling in order to understand the possible impact of policies on households and children.

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Reflections on Young Lives 2000-2005: Bridging Research, Policy Analysis and Advocacy to Tackle Childhood Poverty

APoverty research and assessment have attracted considerable international attention and resources over the last decade, as exemplified by international initiatives such as the UN Millennium Development Goals. Notwithstanding a growing body of research, however, there is still much to be done to effectively disseminate research results and strengthen relationships between NGOs, research networks, and policy practitioners to ensure substantial policy change.

Reflections on Young Lives 2000-2005: Bridging Research, Policy Analysis and Advocacy to Tackle Childhood Poverty

APoverty research and assessment have attracted considerable international attention and resources over the last decade, as exemplified by international initiatives such as the UN Millennium Development Goals. Notwithstanding a growing body of research, however, there is still much to be done to effectively disseminate research results and strengthen relationships between NGOs, research networks, and policy practitioners to ensure substantial policy change.

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Reforms and Children: Issues and Hypotheses Regarding the Impacts of Reform Policies on the Welfare of Children in India, with Special Emphasis on Andhra Pradesh

 In contrast to reforms throughout much of Asia, economic liberalisation only really began in India in 1991. This paper investigates the effects of subsequent macroeconomic and policy changes on the welfare of children in India, particularly in the progressive southern state of Andhra Pradesh. Since it is impossible to identify clear and uniform causal relationships between policy changes and child welfare, the paper discusses a number of mechanisms through which economic and welfare reforms could have an impact on the rights and capacity of children in India.

Reforms and Children: Issues and Hypotheses Regarding the Impacts of Reform Policies on the Welfare of Children in India, with Special Emphasis on Andhra Pradesh

 In contrast to reforms throughout much of Asia, economic liberalisation only really began in India in 1991. This paper investigates the effects of subsequent macroeconomic and policy changes on the welfare of children in India, particularly in the progressive southern state of Andhra Pradesh. Since it is impossible to identify clear and uniform causal relationships between policy changes and child welfare, the paper discusses a number of mechanisms through which economic and welfare reforms could have an impact on the rights and capacity of children in India.

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The Interaction of Public Assets, Private Assets and Community Characteristics and its Effect on Early Childhood Height-for-Age in Peru

Abstract: Child health, particularly long-term nutritional status, is closely related to the characteristics of families, communities and children, including level of education and access to public services,. Public policy has a crucial role in increasing the likelihood that a child can access high quality health-care and other services that affect health status. Access to these public services, however, may have different effects depending on community and family characteristics, particularly the education level of the mother or caregiver.

The Interaction of Public Assets, Private Assets and Community Characteristics and its Effect on Early Childhood Height-for-Age in Peru

Abstract: Child health, particularly long-term nutritional status, is closely related to the characteristics of families, communities and children, including level of education and access to public services,. Public policy has a crucial role in increasing the likelihood that a child can access high quality health-care and other services that affect health status. Access to these public services, however, may have different effects depending on community and family characteristics, particularly the education level of the mother or caregiver.

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Children’s Educational Completion Rates and Achievement

One of the main objectives of the Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy (2002-05) was to expand primary school enrolment and provide more equitable and higher quality education. However, only the access-related targets set out in the Education Sector Development Plans I (1996-2001) and II (2002-05), have been achieved. The quality of primary education has mostly declined, with marked shortages of qualified primary school teachers and textbooks, and increasing class sizes and dropout rates.

Children’s Educational Completion Rates and Achievement

One of the main objectives of the Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy (2002-05) was to expand primary school enrolment and provide more equitable and higher quality education. However, only the access-related targets set out in the Education Sector Development Plans I (1996-2001) and II (2002-05), have been achieved. The quality of primary education has mostly declined, with marked shortages of qualified primary school teachers and textbooks, and increasing class sizes and dropout rates.

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Education Choices in Ethiopia

This paper investigates the link between micro-level outcomes and macro-level policy initiatives for a sample of 8-year-old children in Ethiopia. It uses school enrolment data from a 2002 survey of 1,000 rural and urban households from food insecure communities. This study investigated external factors associated with children's enrolment in school, such as lack of income, labour, economic shocks, social capital and education of adults in the household.

Education Choices in Ethiopia

This paper investigates the link between micro-level outcomes and macro-level policy initiatives for a sample of 8-year-old children in Ethiopia. It uses school enrolment data from a 2002 survey of 1,000 rural and urban households from food insecure communities. This study investigated external factors associated with children's enrolment in school, such as lack of income, labour, economic shocks, social capital and education of adults in the household.

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