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Reforms and Children: Issues and Hypotheses Regarding the Impacts of Reform Policies on the Welfare of Children in India, with Special Emphasis on Andhra Pradesh

 In contrast to reforms throughout much of Asia, economic liberalisation only really began in India in 1991. This paper investigates the effects of subsequent macroeconomic and policy changes on the welfare of children in India, particularly in the progressive southern state of Andhra Pradesh. Since it is impossible to identify clear and uniform causal relationships between policy changes and child welfare, the paper discusses a number of mechanisms through which economic and welfare reforms could have an impact on the rights and capacity of children in India.

Reforms and Children: Issues and Hypotheses Regarding the Impacts of Reform Policies on the Welfare of Children in India, with Special Emphasis on Andhra Pradesh

 In contrast to reforms throughout much of Asia, economic liberalisation only really began in India in 1991. This paper investigates the effects of subsequent macroeconomic and policy changes on the welfare of children in India, particularly in the progressive southern state of Andhra Pradesh. Since it is impossible to identify clear and uniform causal relationships between policy changes and child welfare, the paper discusses a number of mechanisms through which economic and welfare reforms could have an impact on the rights and capacity of children in India.

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The Interaction of Public Assets, Private Assets and Community Characteristics and its Effect on Early Childhood Height-for-Age in Peru

Abstract: Child health, particularly long-term nutritional status, is closely related to the characteristics of families, communities and children, including level of education and access to public services,. Public policy has a crucial role in increasing the likelihood that a child can access high quality health-care and other services that affect health status. Access to these public services, however, may have different effects depending on community and family characteristics, particularly the education level of the mother or caregiver.

The Interaction of Public Assets, Private Assets and Community Characteristics and its Effect on Early Childhood Height-for-Age in Peru

Abstract: Child health, particularly long-term nutritional status, is closely related to the characteristics of families, communities and children, including level of education and access to public services,. Public policy has a crucial role in increasing the likelihood that a child can access high quality health-care and other services that affect health status. Access to these public services, however, may have different effects depending on community and family characteristics, particularly the education level of the mother or caregiver.

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Children’s Educational Completion Rates and Achievement

One of the main objectives of the Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy (2002-05) was to expand primary school enrolment and provide more equitable and higher quality education. However, only the access-related targets set out in the Education Sector Development Plans I (1996-2001) and II (2002-05), have been achieved. The quality of primary education has mostly declined, with marked shortages of qualified primary school teachers and textbooks, and increasing class sizes and dropout rates.

Children’s Educational Completion Rates and Achievement

One of the main objectives of the Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy (2002-05) was to expand primary school enrolment and provide more equitable and higher quality education. However, only the access-related targets set out in the Education Sector Development Plans I (1996-2001) and II (2002-05), have been achieved. The quality of primary education has mostly declined, with marked shortages of qualified primary school teachers and textbooks, and increasing class sizes and dropout rates.

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Education Choices in Ethiopia

This paper investigates the link between micro-level outcomes and macro-level policy initiatives for a sample of 8-year-old children in Ethiopia. It uses school enrolment data from a 2002 survey of 1,000 rural and urban households from food insecure communities. This study investigated external factors associated with children's enrolment in school, such as lack of income, labour, economic shocks, social capital and education of adults in the household.

Education Choices in Ethiopia

This paper investigates the link between micro-level outcomes and macro-level policy initiatives for a sample of 8-year-old children in Ethiopia. It uses school enrolment data from a 2002 survey of 1,000 rural and urban households from food insecure communities. This study investigated external factors associated with children's enrolment in school, such as lack of income, labour, economic shocks, social capital and education of adults in the household.

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Measuring Social Capital and Mental Health in Vietnam: A Validity Study

Young Lives research is particularly innovative in two areas: the measurement of mental health and the measurement of social capital, or social networks and support. Both of these areas pose particular challenges for researchers, and are of great interest to policymakers and planners. Thus, it is essential that methods and instruments used for measuring social capital and mental health be assessed for their efficacy.

Measuring Social Capital and Mental Health in Vietnam: A Validity Study

Young Lives research is particularly innovative in two areas: the measurement of mental health and the measurement of social capital, or social networks and support. Both of these areas pose particular challenges for researchers, and are of great interest to policymakers and planners. Thus, it is essential that methods and instruments used for measuring social capital and mental health be assessed for their efficacy.

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Young Lives, Global Goals: Children Poverty and the MDGs

Through activities, video clips and photocards pupils get an inside view on the lives of eight children from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam. Beginning from these children's experiences, the pack examines the UN Millennium Development Goals - a set of targets drawn up by world leaders to reduce poverty, improve education and healthcare, and create a sustainable environment.

Young Lives, Global Goals: Children Poverty and the MDGs

Through activities, video clips and photocards pupils get an inside view on the lives of eight children from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam. Beginning from these children's experiences, the pack examines the UN Millennium Development Goals - a set of targets drawn up by world leaders to reduce poverty, improve education and healthcare, and create a sustainable environment.

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Economic Shocks and Changes in School Attendance in Peru

Despite improvements in enrolment rates in recent decades, the Peruvian school system still has serious shortcomings. A high drop-out rate in secondary school stems from the fact that the system does not provide adequate support for students who fall behind, cannot afford to go to school, or would rather work than continue their education. The situation becomes particularly difficult for households who face economic shocks that force them to reassign time and money away from education.

Economic Shocks and Changes in School Attendance in Peru

Despite improvements in enrolment rates in recent decades, the Peruvian school system still has serious shortcomings. A high drop-out rate in secondary school stems from the fact that the system does not provide adequate support for students who fall behind, cannot afford to go to school, or would rather work than continue their education. The situation becomes particularly difficult for households who face economic shocks that force them to reassign time and money away from education.

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Participatory Child Poverty Assessment in Rural Vietnam

There are increasing calls for more child specific measures of poverty in developing countries and the need for such measures to be multi-dimensional (that is not just based on income) has been recognised. Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPAs) are now common in international development research. Most PPAs have been undertaken with adults and there are still relatively few PPAs with children. The objective of the current study was to understand adults' and children's perceptions of the causes and consequences of child poverty in rural Vietnam using a variety of participatory methods.

Participatory Child Poverty Assessment in Rural Vietnam

There are increasing calls for more child specific measures of poverty in developing countries and the need for such measures to be multi-dimensional (that is not just based on income) has been recognised. Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPAs) are now common in international development research. Most PPAs have been undertaken with adults and there are still relatively few PPAs with children. The objective of the current study was to understand adults' and children's perceptions of the causes and consequences of child poverty in rural Vietnam using a variety of participatory methods.

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International Longitudinal Research on Childhood Poverty: Practical Guidelines and Lessons Learned from Young Lives

One of the objectives of Young Lives is to develop a replicable and relatively low-cost methodology that can be used to study childhood poverty over time. The main purpose of this document is, therefore, to provide guidance for developing country government, NGO and research professionals interested in conducting similar research and advocacy work on childhood poverty. It outlines the approach taken by Young Lives, drawing on experience and lessons learned to highlight important issues to consider.

International Longitudinal Research on Childhood Poverty: Practical Guidelines and Lessons Learned from Young Lives

One of the objectives of Young Lives is to develop a replicable and relatively low-cost methodology that can be used to study childhood poverty over time. The main purpose of this document is, therefore, to provide guidance for developing country government, NGO and research professionals interested in conducting similar research and advocacy work on childhood poverty. It outlines the approach taken by Young Lives, drawing on experience and lessons learned to highlight important issues to consider.

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Young Lives: A Case Study of Sample Design for Longitudinal Research

Abstract: This paper presents a case study to illustrate the range of decisions involved in designing a sampling strategy for a complex, long-term research study. It is based on experience from the Young Lives project and identifies the approaches used to sample children for long-term follow-up in four countries. The rationale for decisions made and the resulting benefits, and limitations, of the approaches adopted are discussed. It is particularly important to choose samples which will yield data to enable useful analysis.

Young Lives: A Case Study of Sample Design for Longitudinal Research

Abstract: This paper presents a case study to illustrate the range of decisions involved in designing a sampling strategy for a complex, long-term research study. It is based on experience from the Young Lives project and identifies the approaches used to sample children for long-term follow-up in four countries. The rationale for decisions made and the resulting benefits, and limitations, of the approaches adopted are discussed. It is particularly important to choose samples which will yield data to enable useful analysis.

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