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Early Nutrition and Late Cognitive Achievement in Developing Countries

It is estimated that, in developing countries, around 26 percent of children under 5 years of age are growth retarded by international standards (UNICEF 2004). Linear growth retardation is considered evidence of inadequate nutrition over a long period of time (chronic malnutrition). Several studies show that malnutrition during the first years of life can have long-lasting cognitive implications (Grantham-McGregor et al. 2007 provides an up-to-date review of these studies).

Early Nutrition and Late Cognitive Achievement in Developing Countries

It is estimated that, in developing countries, around 26 percent of children under 5 years of age are growth retarded by international standards (UNICEF 2004). Linear growth retardation is considered evidence of inadequate nutrition over a long period of time (chronic malnutrition). Several studies show that malnutrition during the first years of life can have long-lasting cognitive implications (Grantham-McGregor et al. 2007 provides an up-to-date review of these studies).

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Explaining and Overcoming Marginalization in Education

In the past few decades, education in Peru has shown a tendency to increased enrollment, especially in primary schools, and consistent low achievement as measured by national and international standardized tests in reading comprehension and mathematics. However, averages hide wide disparities in diverse educational outcomes, which are often times marked by individual and family characteristics. Among these, coming from an indigenous speaking family has been shown to be an important predictor of low educational outcomes as compared to the majority of Spanish-speaking children.

Explaining and Overcoming Marginalization in Education

In the past few decades, education in Peru has shown a tendency to increased enrollment, especially in primary schools, and consistent low achievement as measured by national and international standardized tests in reading comprehension and mathematics. However, averages hide wide disparities in diverse educational outcomes, which are often times marked by individual and family characteristics. Among these, coming from an indigenous speaking family has been shown to be an important predictor of low educational outcomes as compared to the majority of Spanish-speaking children.

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Schooling as Lived and Told: Contrasting Impacts of Education Policies for Ethnic Minority Children in Vietnam

This paper examines the mixed impact of the implementation of education policies aimed at ethnic minorities in Vietnam. It draws on the Young Lives survey in 2005 and a qualitative sub-study with 23 Kinh (the majority), Hmong and H'Roi children from the Young Lives sample in Lao Cai and Phu Yen provinces in 2008. The paper finds that despite a conspicuous expansion in access to basic education for ethnic minority students the majority-minority gap in educational achievement persists.

Schooling as Lived and Told: Contrasting Impacts of Education Policies for Ethnic Minority Children in Vietnam

This paper examines the mixed impact of the implementation of education policies aimed at ethnic minorities in Vietnam. It draws on the Young Lives survey in 2005 and a qualitative sub-study with 23 Kinh (the majority), Hmong and H'Roi children from the Young Lives sample in Lao Cai and Phu Yen provinces in 2008. The paper finds that despite a conspicuous expansion in access to basic education for ethnic minority students the majority-minority gap in educational achievement persists.

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Young Lives Contribution to DFID Consultation on Education Policy
Young Lives Contribution to DFID Consultation on Education Policy

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Equity and Quality? : Challenges for Early Childhood and Primary Education in Ethiopia, India and Peru

The potential of quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) to transform young lives is increasingly recognised. Accounts of innovative and effective programmes have been disseminated widely and endorsed by scientific evidence as well as economic and human rights arguments. Reports about model programmes and the high returns on ECCE investments provide crucial leverage in advocating for policy change and programme development. They are also a source of inspiration to all who work with children and families. But they tell only part of the story.

Equity and Quality? : Challenges for Early Childhood and Primary Education in Ethiopia, India and Peru

The potential of quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) to transform young lives is increasingly recognised. Accounts of innovative and effective programmes have been disseminated widely and endorsed by scientific evidence as well as economic and human rights arguments. Reports about model programmes and the high returns on ECCE investments provide crucial leverage in advocating for policy change and programme development. They are also a source of inspiration to all who work with children and families. But they tell only part of the story.

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Young Lives Qualitative Research: Round 1 – India

This report presents an initial analysis of some of the qualitative data collected in four of the 20 Young Lives sites in Andhra Pradesh during October to November
2007 (‘Qual-1’).1 The sub-sample was drawn from both cohorts of Young Lives children – the Younger Cohort (aged 6 to 7) and the Older Cohort (aged 12 to 13) – as well as their caregivers, teachers, health workers and community representatives.

Young Lives Qualitative Research: Round 1 – India

This report presents an initial analysis of some of the qualitative data collected in four of the 20 Young Lives sites in Andhra Pradesh during October to November
2007 (‘Qual-1’).1 The sub-sample was drawn from both cohorts of Young Lives children – the Younger Cohort (aged 6 to 7) and the Older Cohort (aged 12 to 13) – as well as their caregivers, teachers, health workers and community representatives.

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Selected Topics in Child Well-being in India: A Review of Policies, Programmes and Services

The purpose of this report is to present a general context for the Young Lives qualitative research being undertaken in Andhra Pradesh on the key themes of child well-being, childhood transitions and children’s experiences of services and programmes. Children’s well-being is understood in multi-dimensional terms and includes aspects relating to health, economic conditions, educational opportunities, and relationships with family members, peers and others.

Selected Topics in Child Well-being in India: A Review of Policies, Programmes and Services

The purpose of this report is to present a general context for the Young Lives qualitative research being undertaken in Andhra Pradesh on the key themes of child well-being, childhood transitions and children’s experiences of services and programmes. Children’s well-being is understood in multi-dimensional terms and includes aspects relating to health, economic conditions, educational opportunities, and relationships with family members, peers and others.

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Young Lives Qualitative Research: Round 1 – Ethiopia

This report presents initial analysis of the first round of qualitative data collected between September and November 2007 as part of the Young Lives study in Ethiopia. Data collection was carried out in five of the twenty Young Lives study communities, with both cohorts of children – the younger cohort (then aged between 6 and 7 years) and the older cohort (ages 12 to 13) – as well as their caregivers, teachers, health workers, and community representatives.

Young Lives Qualitative Research: Round 1 – Ethiopia

This report presents initial analysis of the first round of qualitative data collected between September and November 2007 as part of the Young Lives study in Ethiopia. Data collection was carried out in five of the twenty Young Lives study communities, with both cohorts of children – the younger cohort (then aged between 6 and 7 years) and the older cohort (ages 12 to 13) – as well as their caregivers, teachers, health workers, and community representatives.

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Early Nutrition and Cognitive Achievement in Pre-school Children in Peru

This paper examines the relationship between early stunting and later cognitive achievement. The data were collected at two points in time, once in 2002 when children were 6 to 20 months old, and again in 2006-7 when they were 4 to 6 years old. The sample includes 1,963 children from three geographical regions: the Pacific Coastal, the Highlands, and the Amazonian Jungle. Height-for-age was used as an assessment of early stunting. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was administered to collected standardised scores of cognitive achievement.

Early Nutrition and Cognitive Achievement in Pre-school Children in Peru

This paper examines the relationship between early stunting and later cognitive achievement. The data were collected at two points in time, once in 2002 when children were 6 to 20 months old, and again in 2006-7 when they were 4 to 6 years old. The sample includes 1,963 children from three geographical regions: the Pacific Coastal, the Highlands, and the Amazonian Jungle. Height-for-age was used as an assessment of early stunting. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was administered to collected standardised scores of cognitive achievement.

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Maternal Migration and Child Well-Being in Peru

Abstract: Migration affects not only those who migrate, but may also have intergenerational effects on their children. Looking at those mothers with a history of internal migration who are part of the Young Lives project, and comparing them with suitable controls, we find that mothers’ migration has had a positive impact on the nutritional outcomes and cognitive achievement of their offspring.

Maternal Migration and Child Well-Being in Peru

Abstract: Migration affects not only those who migrate, but may also have intergenerational effects on their children. Looking at those mothers with a history of internal migration who are part of the Young Lives project, and comparing them with suitable controls, we find that mothers’ migration has had a positive impact on the nutritional outcomes and cognitive achievement of their offspring.

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