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Determinants of Child Labour: The Case of Andhra Pradesh

In this study, I examine the extent to which child labour is explained by the main determinants proposed in the literature. I focus on three determinants: income shocks, household composition and parental preferences. In addition, I examine the role of child-specific characteristics, such as psycho-social abilities and nutritional endowment. While there is extensive literature on child labour determinants, it is predominantly theoretical and tends to treat each determinant in isolation from the others.

Determinants of Child Labour: The Case of Andhra Pradesh

In this study, I examine the extent to which child labour is explained by the main determinants proposed in the literature. I focus on three determinants: income shocks, household composition and parental preferences. In addition, I examine the role of child-specific characteristics, such as psycho-social abilities and nutritional endowment. While there is extensive literature on child labour determinants, it is predominantly theoretical and tends to treat each determinant in isolation from the others.

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Starting School: Who is Prepared?

In recent years, a growing body of literature has pointed to the importance of children’s experiences of pre-school and Grade 1 as foundational for success during the subsequent school years. However, most of this research has been carried out in industrialised countries and has paid little attention to developing countries. This paper therefore seeks to contribute to this area by paying attention to the Latin-American context, where repetition and drop-out rates tend to be high, and taking as a case study an Andean country characterised by cultural diversity.

Starting School: Who is Prepared?

In recent years, a growing body of literature has pointed to the importance of children’s experiences of pre-school and Grade 1 as foundational for success during the subsequent school years. However, most of this research has been carried out in industrialised countries and has paid little attention to developing countries. This paper therefore seeks to contribute to this area by paying attention to the Latin-American context, where repetition and drop-out rates tend to be high, and taking as a case study an Andean country characterised by cultural diversity.

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“Nothing is impossible for me”: Stories from Young Lives Children

This is the first of the Young Lives profile books - telling the stories of 20 of the study children as they grow up. The stories tell a fascinating tale of how they children see their lives as they grow up, go to school, drop out of school, start work, cope with failed harvests and births or deaths within their families.

“Nothing is impossible for me”: Stories from Young Lives Children

This is the first of the Young Lives profile books - telling the stories of 20 of the study children as they grow up. The stories tell a fascinating tale of how they children see their lives as they grow up, go to school, drop out of school, start work, cope with failed harvests and births or deaths within their families.

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Is there a Boy Bias in Household Education Expenditure?

Abstract: This paper asks whether there is a boy bias in household-level education expenditure for households with children aged 5 to 19 years old in Andhra Pradesh in India, based on Round 2 of the Young Lives survey conducted in 2006. The sample contains 982 households comprising 2578 children. The analysis is based on both demand analysis and a hurdle model. The results show that there is a bias favouring boys in terms of school enrolment as the children get older, captured by age categories 10–14 and 15–19.

Is there a Boy Bias in Household Education Expenditure?

Abstract: This paper asks whether there is a boy bias in household-level education expenditure for households with children aged 5 to 19 years old in Andhra Pradesh in India, based on Round 2 of the Young Lives survey conducted in 2006. The sample contains 982 households comprising 2578 children. The analysis is based on both demand analysis and a hurdle model. The results show that there is a bias favouring boys in terms of school enrolment as the children get older, captured by age categories 10–14 and 15–19.

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The Effect of Early Age Stunting on Cognitive Achievement Among Children in Vietnam

 In this paper, we use a longitudinal data set that follows three thousand children in Vietnam to study the economic significance of childhood poverty–cognitive achievement nexus. Focusing on the consequences of stunting, we look at height-for-age z-score (HAZ), and trace the impact of HAZ on child cognitive achievement independent of the source of HAZ?s variation - whether it comes from the variation in child characteristics at birth and the environmental factors, or in the household characteristics (stature, socioeconomic status, etc.).

The Effect of Early Age Stunting on Cognitive Achievement Among Children in Vietnam

 In this paper, we use a longitudinal data set that follows three thousand children in Vietnam to study the economic significance of childhood poverty–cognitive achievement nexus. Focusing on the consequences of stunting, we look at height-for-age z-score (HAZ), and trace the impact of HAZ on child cognitive achievement independent of the source of HAZ?s variation - whether it comes from the variation in child characteristics at birth and the environmental factors, or in the household characteristics (stature, socioeconomic status, etc.).

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The Impact of Parental Death on Schooling and Subjective Well-being

Abstract: This paper investigates whether the death of a parent during middle childhood affects child schooling and subjective well-being (SWB) in Ethiopia. The data comes from two rounds of the Young Lives survey, conducted in 2002 and 2006, of an initial sample of 1000 children across 20 sentinel sites in Ethiopia. The children were 7 to 8 years of age in 2002 and 11 to 12 years of age in 2006, with around 80 losing a parent between rounds. The research finds that the mother dying reduces school enrolment significantly by around 20 per cent.

The Impact of Parental Death on Schooling and Subjective Well-being

Abstract: This paper investigates whether the death of a parent during middle childhood affects child schooling and subjective well-being (SWB) in Ethiopia. The data comes from two rounds of the Young Lives survey, conducted in 2002 and 2006, of an initial sample of 1000 children across 20 sentinel sites in Ethiopia. The children were 7 to 8 years of age in 2002 and 11 to 12 years of age in 2006, with around 80 losing a parent between rounds. The research finds that the mother dying reduces school enrolment significantly by around 20 per cent.

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‘Becoming Somebody’: Youth Transitions Through Education and Migration

Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between migration and educational aspirations among young people growing up in contexts of poverty in Peru. It draws on a mixed survey and qualitative data set collected by Young Lives (YL), an international fifteen-year study of childhood poverty. The focus is on data generated with the older of two cohorts of YL children being studied in Peru. They were around eight years old when the study began in 2002 and were twelve years old at the last point of data collection in 2007.

‘Becoming Somebody’: Youth Transitions Through Education and Migration

Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between migration and educational aspirations among young people growing up in contexts of poverty in Peru. It draws on a mixed survey and qualitative data set collected by Young Lives (YL), an international fifteen-year study of childhood poverty. The focus is on data generated with the older of two cohorts of YL children being studied in Peru. They were around eight years old when the study began in 2002 and were twelve years old at the last point of data collection in 2007.

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Does ‘Improved’ Sanitation Make Children Healthier?

In response to pressure to reach the Millennium Development Goal of improved sanitation access, the Ethiopian government has developed an ambitious plan to achieve 100 per cent access to pit latrines by 2012. The plans to achieve this target rely upon the assumption that universal access to pit latrines will lead to improved health outcomes. Using the Young Lives pro-poor longitudinal data of Ethiopian children, this research uses propensity score matching to test this assumption.

Does ‘Improved’ Sanitation Make Children Healthier?

In response to pressure to reach the Millennium Development Goal of improved sanitation access, the Ethiopian government has developed an ambitious plan to achieve 100 per cent access to pit latrines by 2012. The plans to achieve this target rely upon the assumption that universal access to pit latrines will lead to improved health outcomes. Using the Young Lives pro-poor longitudinal data of Ethiopian children, this research uses propensity score matching to test this assumption.

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Questioning the Power of Resilience: Are Children Up to the Task of Disrupting the Transmission of Poverty?

This book chapter presents an approach to the concept of 'resilience', the strategies that people use to cope with adversities such as poverty or conflict. For children, much attention has been paid to whether they can in some way overcome early disadvantage, although they are much more susceptible to poverty than adults, particularly due to the effect of under-nutrition. They argue that more dynamic approaches are called for which recognise that the trajectories children follow throughout their lives are constantly modified.

Questioning the Power of Resilience: Are Children Up to the Task of Disrupting the Transmission of Poverty?

This book chapter presents an approach to the concept of 'resilience', the strategies that people use to cope with adversities such as poverty or conflict. For children, much attention has been paid to whether they can in some way overcome early disadvantage, although they are much more susceptible to poverty than adults, particularly due to the effect of under-nutrition. They argue that more dynamic approaches are called for which recognise that the trajectories children follow throughout their lives are constantly modified.

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