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Children’s Perspectives on Risk and Vulnerability in Contexts of Poverty and Change

This paper presents findings based on research carried out between 2007 and 2008 with a group of boys and girls in Andhra Pradesh who participate in Young Lives. The research elicited children's views on changes that affected their households and communities over a one-year period, including in relation to broader economic crises. While a positive economic 'turnaround' has been noted for Andhra Pradesh in recent years, there is still a considerable degree of poverty and some notable regional disparities.

Children’s Perspectives on Risk and Vulnerability in Contexts of Poverty and Change

This paper presents findings based on research carried out between 2007 and 2008 with a group of boys and girls in Andhra Pradesh who participate in Young Lives. The research elicited children's views on changes that affected their households and communities over a one-year period, including in relation to broader economic crises. While a positive economic 'turnaround' has been noted for Andhra Pradesh in recent years, there is still a considerable degree of poverty and some notable regional disparities.

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The Dynamics of Girls' Involvement in Agricultural Work in Andhra Pradesh, India

Child labour in India has long been the focus of research, policy concern and intervention. This paper presents an analysis of children's involvement in agricultural work, particularly cottonseed production, drawing on evidence gathered for Young Lives in 2007 and 2008. In parts of rural Andhra Pradesh, children have been working in cotton fields for two or three months of the year. Evidence showed marked gender and age differentiation.

The Dynamics of Girls' Involvement in Agricultural Work in Andhra Pradesh, India

Child labour in India has long been the focus of research, policy concern and intervention. This paper presents an analysis of children's involvement in agricultural work, particularly cottonseed production, drawing on evidence gathered for Young Lives in 2007 and 2008. In parts of rural Andhra Pradesh, children have been working in cotton fields for two or three months of the year. Evidence showed marked gender and age differentiation.

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Children's Understanding of Illbeing and Poverty in Five Ethiopian Communities

The paper argues on the basis of data from Young Lives and an extensive review of child-centred poverty studies that experiences of relative poverty and social exclusion are as common and corrosive in contemporary Ethiopia as North America and Europe. If taken seriously, this insight could broaden the focus of child poverty reduction from nutrition and education to include the psychosocial costs of lacking the culturally specific resources required for full participation in society.

Children's Understanding of Illbeing and Poverty in Five Ethiopian Communities

The paper argues on the basis of data from Young Lives and an extensive review of child-centred poverty studies that experiences of relative poverty and social exclusion are as common and corrosive in contemporary Ethiopia as North America and Europe. If taken seriously, this insight could broaden the focus of child poverty reduction from nutrition and education to include the psychosocial costs of lacking the culturally specific resources required for full participation in society.

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Early Nutrition and Late Cognitive Achievement in Developing Countries

It is estimated that, in developing countries, around 26 percent of children under 5 years of age are growth retarded by international standards (UNICEF 2004). Linear growth retardation is considered evidence of inadequate nutrition over a long period of time (chronic malnutrition). Several studies show that malnutrition during the first years of life can have long-lasting cognitive implications (Grantham-McGregor et al. 2007 provides an up-to-date review of these studies).

Early Nutrition and Late Cognitive Achievement in Developing Countries

It is estimated that, in developing countries, around 26 percent of children under 5 years of age are growth retarded by international standards (UNICEF 2004). Linear growth retardation is considered evidence of inadequate nutrition over a long period of time (chronic malnutrition). Several studies show that malnutrition during the first years of life can have long-lasting cognitive implications (Grantham-McGregor et al. 2007 provides an up-to-date review of these studies).

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Explaining and Overcoming Marginalization in Education

In the past few decades, education in Peru has shown a tendency to increased enrollment, especially in primary schools, and consistent low achievement as measured by national and international standardized tests in reading comprehension and mathematics. However, averages hide wide disparities in diverse educational outcomes, which are often times marked by individual and family characteristics. Among these, coming from an indigenous speaking family has been shown to be an important predictor of low educational outcomes as compared to the majority of Spanish-speaking children.

Explaining and Overcoming Marginalization in Education

In the past few decades, education in Peru has shown a tendency to increased enrollment, especially in primary schools, and consistent low achievement as measured by national and international standardized tests in reading comprehension and mathematics. However, averages hide wide disparities in diverse educational outcomes, which are often times marked by individual and family characteristics. Among these, coming from an indigenous speaking family has been shown to be an important predictor of low educational outcomes as compared to the majority of Spanish-speaking children.

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Schooling as Lived and Told: Contrasting Impacts of Education Policies for Ethnic Minority Children in Vietnam

This paper examines the mixed impact of the implementation of education policies aimed at ethnic minorities in Vietnam. It draws on the Young Lives survey in 2005 and a qualitative sub-study with 23 Kinh (the majority), Hmong and H'Roi children from the Young Lives sample in Lao Cai and Phu Yen provinces in 2008. The paper finds that despite a conspicuous expansion in access to basic education for ethnic minority students the majority-minority gap in educational achievement persists.

Schooling as Lived and Told: Contrasting Impacts of Education Policies for Ethnic Minority Children in Vietnam

This paper examines the mixed impact of the implementation of education policies aimed at ethnic minorities in Vietnam. It draws on the Young Lives survey in 2005 and a qualitative sub-study with 23 Kinh (the majority), Hmong and H'Roi children from the Young Lives sample in Lao Cai and Phu Yen provinces in 2008. The paper finds that despite a conspicuous expansion in access to basic education for ethnic minority students the majority-minority gap in educational achievement persists.

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Young Lives Contribution to DFID Consultation on Education Policy
Young Lives Contribution to DFID Consultation on Education Policy

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Equity and Quality? : Challenges for Early Childhood and Primary Education in Ethiopia, India and Peru

The potential of quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) to transform young lives is increasingly recognised. Accounts of innovative and effective programmes have been disseminated widely and endorsed by scientific evidence as well as economic and human rights arguments. Reports about model programmes and the high returns on ECCE investments provide crucial leverage in advocating for policy change and programme development. They are also a source of inspiration to all who work with children and families. But they tell only part of the story.

Equity and Quality? : Challenges for Early Childhood and Primary Education in Ethiopia, India and Peru

The potential of quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) to transform young lives is increasingly recognised. Accounts of innovative and effective programmes have been disseminated widely and endorsed by scientific evidence as well as economic and human rights arguments. Reports about model programmes and the high returns on ECCE investments provide crucial leverage in advocating for policy change and programme development. They are also a source of inspiration to all who work with children and families. But they tell only part of the story.

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Young Lives Qualitative Research: Round 1 – India

This report presents an initial analysis of some of the qualitative data collected in four of the 20 Young Lives sites in Andhra Pradesh during October to November
2007 (‘Qual-1’).1 The sub-sample was drawn from both cohorts of Young Lives children – the Younger Cohort (aged 6 to 7) and the Older Cohort (aged 12 to 13) – as well as their caregivers, teachers, health workers and community representatives.

Young Lives Qualitative Research: Round 1 – India

This report presents an initial analysis of some of the qualitative data collected in four of the 20 Young Lives sites in Andhra Pradesh during October to November
2007 (‘Qual-1’).1 The sub-sample was drawn from both cohorts of Young Lives children – the Younger Cohort (aged 6 to 7) and the Older Cohort (aged 12 to 13) – as well as their caregivers, teachers, health workers and community representatives.

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Selected Topics in Child Well-being in India: A Review of Policies, Programmes and Services

The purpose of this report is to present a general context for the Young Lives qualitative research being undertaken in Andhra Pradesh on the key themes of child well-being, childhood transitions and children’s experiences of services and programmes. Children’s well-being is understood in multi-dimensional terms and includes aspects relating to health, economic conditions, educational opportunities, and relationships with family members, peers and others.

Selected Topics in Child Well-being in India: A Review of Policies, Programmes and Services

The purpose of this report is to present a general context for the Young Lives qualitative research being undertaken in Andhra Pradesh on the key themes of child well-being, childhood transitions and children’s experiences of services and programmes. Children’s well-being is understood in multi-dimensional terms and includes aspects relating to health, economic conditions, educational opportunities, and relationships with family members, peers and others.

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