This book chapter presents an approach to the concept of 'resilience', the strategies that people use to cope with adversities such as poverty or conflict. For children, much attention has been paid to whether they can in some way overcome early disadvantage, although they are much more susceptible to poverty than adults, particularly due to the effect of under-nutrition. They argue that more dynamic approaches are called for which recognise that the trajectories children follow throughout their lives are constantly modified.

The first part of this book from the Chronic Poverty Research Centre provides a review of the research on poverty dynamics in developing countries. Part two focuses on poverty measurement and assessment, and discusses the most recent work of world-leading poverty analysts. The third part focuses on frameworks for understanding poverty analysis that avoid measurement and instead utilise approaches based on social relations and structural analysis.

Administering and reporting results of standardised achievement tests for students has become a common practice in recent years in many developing countries, as these are widely regarded as indicators of success in schooling and/or acquisition of basic skills or knowledge for adult life. However, accurately measuring the cognitive development and achievement of the children in each cohort and getting meaningful scores may prove to be a complex endeavour.

This paper reviews interdisciplinary research on children’s time use. Following the introduction, Section 2 sketches the broad historical and socio-cultural context for time-use studies, recognising that how childhood has been variously understood affects the valuation of children’s activities, roles and relationships and the ways they are experienced. It will become clear that differing views about children’s ‘proper’ time use have coincided with powerful assumptions about children’s roles throughout history, and the ‘value’ of children’s time.