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Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality of Opportunity in Peru

Multidimensional poverty and inequality of opportunity are closely interconnected concepts. Equality of opportunity levels the playing field so that circumstances such as gender, ethnicity, geographical location or family background, which are beyond the control of a child, do not influence his or her life chances. This means that if equality of opportunity is achieved, a child will be able to overcome multidimensional poverty and deprivation.

Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality of Opportunity in Peru

Multidimensional poverty and inequality of opportunity are closely interconnected concepts. Equality of opportunity levels the playing field so that circumstances such as gender, ethnicity, geographical location or family background, which are beyond the control of a child, do not influence his or her life chances. This means that if equality of opportunity is achieved, a child will be able to overcome multidimensional poverty and deprivation.

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Female Labour Force Participation and Child Education in India

We study the impact of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) on children's educational outcomes via women's labour force participation. Using data from the Young Lives Study and taking advantage of the spatial and temporal variation in the intensity of implementation of the NREGS, we find that greater participation of mothers in the programme is associated with better educational outcomes of their children. Father's participation in the NREGS, on the other hand, has a negative effect on children's education.

Female Labour Force Participation and Child Education in India

We study the impact of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) on children's educational outcomes via women's labour force participation. Using data from the Young Lives Study and taking advantage of the spatial and temporal variation in the intensity of implementation of the NREGS, we find that greater participation of mothers in the programme is associated with better educational outcomes of their children. Father's participation in the NREGS, on the other hand, has a negative effect on children's education.

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Rethinking Orphanhood and Vulnerability in Ethiopia

"Orphans" became a category of vulnerable children deserving special protection in the context of the global AIDS epidemic, and currently the notion of "Orphans and vulnerable children", or "OVC", dominates much of the policy for protecting children across sub-Saharan Africa. Analysis of survey and qualitative data from Young Lives in Ethiopia found that parental death does not guarantee the often assumed negative impacts on children's experiences, and that inequalities between children are greater along dimensions of poverty and household location, compared to orphan status.

Rethinking Orphanhood and Vulnerability in Ethiopia

"Orphans" became a category of vulnerable children deserving special protection in the context of the global AIDS epidemic, and currently the notion of "Orphans and vulnerable children", or "OVC", dominates much of the policy for protecting children across sub-Saharan Africa. Analysis of survey and qualitative data from Young Lives in Ethiopia found that parental death does not guarantee the often assumed negative impacts on children's experiences, and that inequalities between children are greater along dimensions of poverty and household location, compared to orphan status.

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Child Protection and Harmful Traditional Practices

This article explores divergent perspectives on female early marriage and genital modification in Ethiopia. It contrasts international norms and research evidence with local understandings, the latter focusing on the part these practices play in securing family social heritage, wellbeing of girls, and their transition to adulthood. The article explains persistence of these practices in the face of campaigns to eliminate them and questions assumptions behind the international child protection model.

Child Protection and Harmful Traditional Practices

This article explores divergent perspectives on female early marriage and genital modification in Ethiopia. It contrasts international norms and research evidence with local understandings, the latter focusing on the part these practices play in securing family social heritage, wellbeing of girls, and their transition to adulthood. The article explains persistence of these practices in the face of campaigns to eliminate them and questions assumptions behind the international child protection model.

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A Role for Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes?

Drawing on empirical data from a community-based study with children and adults in rural Peru, the paper analyses the everyday experiences of a conditional cash transfer programme, called Juntos. The findings show that social protection programmes like Juntos address certain child vulnerabilities by making eligibility for their cash transfers conditional on behaviour related to child protection-related such as health check-ups and school attendance. However, there are other aspects of children's well-being that are not being considered, such as experiences of violence and exclusion.

A Role for Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes?

Drawing on empirical data from a community-based study with children and adults in rural Peru, the paper analyses the everyday experiences of a conditional cash transfer programme, called Juntos. The findings show that social protection programmes like Juntos address certain child vulnerabilities by making eligibility for their cash transfers conditional on behaviour related to child protection-related such as health check-ups and school attendance. However, there are other aspects of children's well-being that are not being considered, such as experiences of violence and exclusion.

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Risk and Protection for Children Growing up in Poverty

Child protection has focused on responding to interpersonal violence and abuse. This approach can detach children from the broader socio-economic and political structures which shape their life chances, by concentrating on the symptoms of risk rather than the underlying causes. Drawing on the Young Lives study of childhood poverty, this paper argues that poverty and inequalities are at the heart of childhood risk, shaping which children are at risk and access to sources of protection and therefore to children's life chances.

Risk and Protection for Children Growing up in Poverty

Child protection has focused on responding to interpersonal violence and abuse. This approach can detach children from the broader socio-economic and political structures which shape their life chances, by concentrating on the symptoms of risk rather than the underlying causes. Drawing on the Young Lives study of childhood poverty, this paper argues that poverty and inequalities are at the heart of childhood risk, shaping which children are at risk and access to sources of protection and therefore to children's life chances.

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Children's Responses to Risk in Agricultural Work in Andhra Pradesh, India

This paper discusses protection of children from hazards in agricultural work. International and national policies aim to protect children by eliminating all child labour. Previous literature on hazardous child labour tends to focus on single industries or crops, overlooking the variety of activities that children undertake in subsistence farming. We analyse survey and qualitative data from children, and present rates of work, injuries experienced, how children deal with risks, and perceived benefits of work.

Children's Responses to Risk in Agricultural Work in Andhra Pradesh, India

This paper discusses protection of children from hazards in agricultural work. International and national policies aim to protect children by eliminating all child labour. Previous literature on hazardous child labour tends to focus on single industries or crops, overlooking the variety of activities that children undertake in subsistence farming. We analyse survey and qualitative data from children, and present rates of work, injuries experienced, how children deal with risks, and perceived benefits of work.

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Language, Culture and Identity in the Transition to Primary School

This paper analyses a "critical moment" in the educational trajectories of young indigenous children in Peru: the transition to primary school. It addresses the inequalities in educational services that affect indigenous children, before looking at the micro-level processes that take place in school settings, through a focus on two selected case studies from the Young Lives study of childhood poverty.

Language, Culture and Identity in the Transition to Primary School

This paper analyses a "critical moment" in the educational trajectories of young indigenous children in Peru: the transition to primary school. It addresses the inequalities in educational services that affect indigenous children, before looking at the micro-level processes that take place in school settings, through a focus on two selected case studies from the Young Lives study of childhood poverty.

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Impacts of the Conditional Cash Transfer programme JUNTOS for children in Peru

Impacts of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme JUNTOS on Children's Well-being in Peru

This policy brief uses data from the Young Lives survey in Peru to assess the impact of the conditional cash transfer programme JUNTOS on a group of children who were covered by the programme. These beneficiary children were compared with children who were not covered by JUNTOS, using indicators of their well-being: health, nutrition, educational achievement, time use, among others.

Impacts of the Conditional Cash Transfer programme JUNTOS for children in Peru

Impacts of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme JUNTOS on Children's Well-being in Peru

This policy brief uses data from the Young Lives survey in Peru to assess the impact of the conditional cash transfer programme JUNTOS on a group of children who were covered by the programme. These beneficiary children were compared with children who were not covered by JUNTOS, using indicators of their well-being: health, nutrition, educational achievement, time use, among others.

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