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Do Extra Classes Improve Cognitive Test Scores? Evidence from Vietnam

This paper examines whether participation in extra classes improves children's cognitive test scores, using data from the second and third rounds of the Young Lives survey in Vietnam. Using a standard value-added model, we find that that the number of hours pupils spend in extra classes is not associated with better cognitive (mathematics and vocabulary) test scores. However, a number of other factors (parental schooling, household wealth, ethnicity and gender) do influence children's test scores. These results are robust to different estimation methods and model specifications.

Do Extra Classes Improve Cognitive Test Scores? Evidence from Vietnam

This paper examines whether participation in extra classes improves children's cognitive test scores, using data from the second and third rounds of the Young Lives survey in Vietnam. Using a standard value-added model, we find that that the number of hours pupils spend in extra classes is not associated with better cognitive (mathematics and vocabulary) test scores. However, a number of other factors (parental schooling, household wealth, ethnicity and gender) do influence children's test scores. These results are robust to different estimation methods and model specifications.

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Chronic and Extreme Poverty in Rural Ethiopia through the Lens of Life Histories

Studying chronic poverty using retrospective qualitative data (life histories) in conjunction with longitudinal panel data is now widely recognised to provide deeper and more reliable insights (Davis and Baulch, 2009). This paper uses three rounds of panel data and life histories collected by Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty, to identify factors that contribute to households becoming or remaining poor in rural Ethiopia, with related effects on the children within those households.

Chronic and Extreme Poverty in Rural Ethiopia through the Lens of Life Histories

Studying chronic poverty using retrospective qualitative data (life histories) in conjunction with longitudinal panel data is now widely recognised to provide deeper and more reliable insights (Davis and Baulch, 2009). This paper uses three rounds of panel data and life histories collected by Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty, to identify factors that contribute to households becoming or remaining poor in rural Ethiopia, with related effects on the children within those households.

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New book: Child Protection in Development
New book: Child Protection in Development
Young Lives research features in Save the Children flagship report on inequality
Young Lives research features in Save the Children flagship report on inequality

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Why are Current Efforts to Eliminate Female Circumcision in Ethiopia Misplaced?

This article discusses female circumcision in Ethiopia and the eradication challenges. It argues that despite an overall decline in the practice nationally, eradication efforts have caused significant quandaries for girls and their families. The most common justification by far for its continuance is that female circumcision confirms a girl's social place by proving her readiness for marriage and adulthood and thereby ensures her protection against material want.

Why are Current Efforts to Eliminate Female Circumcision in Ethiopia Misplaced?

This article discusses female circumcision in Ethiopia and the eradication challenges. It argues that despite an overall decline in the practice nationally, eradication efforts have caused significant quandaries for girls and their families. The most common justification by far for its continuance is that female circumcision confirms a girl's social place by proving her readiness for marriage and adulthood and thereby ensures her protection against material want.

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Nutritional Trajectories in Childhood: What factors can foster recovery from chronic malnutrition?

This report (in Spanish) highlights the need to complement existing early childhood nutrition and health programmes with later interventions which support children to maintain adequate levels of nutrition. The study uses data from Young Lives in Peru (Niños del Milenio) to analyse the nutritional status of children at 5 and 8 years old.

Nutritional Trajectories in Childhood: What factors can foster recovery from chronic malnutrition?

This report (in Spanish) highlights the need to complement existing early childhood nutrition and health programmes with later interventions which support children to maintain adequate levels of nutrition. The study uses data from Young Lives in Peru (Niños del Milenio) to analyse the nutritional status of children at 5 and 8 years old.

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National India consultation calls for all-round child development policy
National India consultation calls for all-round child development policy

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Growing Up in Ethiopia and Andhra Pradesh: How Is Increasing Participation in Social Protection Schemes Affecting Girls’ Roles and Responsibilities?

The focus of this paper is the effect on adolescent girls' roles and responsibilities of public works schemes or cash transfers, which are the main forms of social protection in developing countries. Increasing participation in social protection is intended to enhance the development of girls in participating households, but evidence on their school participation and workloads suggests that the reverse may be happening. The paper probes what happens to girls? roles and responsibilities when households participate in social protection schemes in rural Ethiopia and Andhra Pradesh.

Growing Up in Ethiopia and Andhra Pradesh: How Is Increasing Participation in Social Protection Schemes Affecting Girls’ Roles and Responsibilities?

The focus of this paper is the effect on adolescent girls' roles and responsibilities of public works schemes or cash transfers, which are the main forms of social protection in developing countries. Increasing participation in social protection is intended to enhance the development of girls in participating households, but evidence on their school participation and workloads suggests that the reverse may be happening. The paper probes what happens to girls? roles and responsibilities when households participate in social protection schemes in rural Ethiopia and Andhra Pradesh.

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Child Protection in Development

Every day millions of children in developing countries face adversities of many kinds, yet there is a shortage of sound evidence concerning their plight and an urgent need to identify the most appropriate and effective policy responses from among the multiple approaches that exist. This collection of journal papers aims to engage with researchers and debates in the field so as to understand better some of the numerous risks confronted by children in developing countries.

Child Protection in Development

Every day millions of children in developing countries face adversities of many kinds, yet there is a shortage of sound evidence concerning their plight and an urgent need to identify the most appropriate and effective policy responses from among the multiple approaches that exist. This collection of journal papers aims to engage with researchers and debates in the field so as to understand better some of the numerous risks confronted by children in developing countries.

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Gender Bias in the Allocation of Education Expenditure

This study examines the existence and extent of gender bias favouring boys in the allocation of education expenditure in households using data from Andhra Pradesh in India collected by the Young Lives study in 2009/10. It attempts to identify the changing degree of gender bias with age. The estimation uses Engle curve demand analysis and a hurdle model, which separately considers gender bias in the decision of whether to incur education expenditure and the expenditure level conditional on investing in education.

Gender Bias in the Allocation of Education Expenditure

This study examines the existence and extent of gender bias favouring boys in the allocation of education expenditure in households using data from Andhra Pradesh in India collected by the Young Lives study in 2009/10. It attempts to identify the changing degree of gender bias with age. The estimation uses Engle curve demand analysis and a hurdle model, which separately considers gender bias in the decision of whether to incur education expenditure and the expenditure level conditional on investing in education.

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